| Knowledge derived from previous research (R7872) has enabled the action planning process to focus on a key constraint affecting the majority of poor people whose livelihoods depend either directly or indirectly on horticulture, paddy farming or aquaculture in peri-urban Kolkata. However, acknowledging the need to consider the varying demands of these primary stakeholder groups in a holistic approach to planning, it was decided to develop action plans that would address the main concerns and expectations of the different groups. |  |

Image: Sluice gates on drainage canals, such as this, were designed to regulate wastewater flows to farms producing vegetables, rice and fish, but various constraints prevent this from happening as planned. |
Effective action plans should improve equitable management of the wetlands |
| Action plans will be developed through extended interaction with principal stakeholders to address the problems faced by primary stakeholder groups regarding access to wastewater resources. Participation of representatives from government agencies, CBOs, NGOs, development oriented bodies and local communities with a stake in managing natural resources in peri-urban Kolkata will be ensured through building upon links and dialogue established during R7872. The process of action planning undertaken with principle stakeholders will be observed and new knowledge extracted, in particular on the interaction and roles assumed by stakeholders in participatory decision-making. New knowledge on implementing action planning with poor people in peri-urban areas and rural and urban agencies, including reflection from a representative sample of participants will be documented and summarised; such reflection will enable learning outcomes to be better assessed and opportunities to enhance the action planning process identified. |