| Overview: Despite much research concerning the management and problems of farming systems around Kolkata, especially in the East Kolkata Wetlands, few of the findings and recommendations have been acted upon. This has lead to widespread skepticism concerning the potential benefit of further research. To date most research and survey work has focused on the management and finances of the peri-urban (PU) farming systems; the importance of these systems in the livelihoods of poor households and communities has not been considered in detail. Whilst it is recognised that these systems must be financially viable to be sustained, little consideration has been given to what impact the loss of these systems may have on the vulnerable and poor groups that depend on them either directly or indirectly for part or all of the livelihood. |  |

Photo: Irrigating vegetables with wastewater. Dhapa, PU Kolkata, 12 May 2001. Although widely known for fish production in ponds managed for wastewater aquaculture, horticulture and paddy farming also exploit the valuable wastewater resource. |
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